American Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Innovation and Research

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Surface Texturing Strategies for Energy-Efficient Tribological Contacts

Author(s) Prof. Dr. Anne M. Kadiric
Country United States
Abstract Frictional losses in sliding and rolling interfaces contribute directly to energy consumption, heat generation, lubricant degradation, and component wear. Surface texturing provides a passive method of modifying these interactions by introducing deliberately engineered micro- or nanoscale features such as dimples, grooves, pockets, and directional patterns onto one of the contacting surfaces. This study develops a simulation-based framework for evaluating surface-texturing strategies for energy-efficient tribological contacts without representing hypothetical friction or wear data as experimentally measured results. Five surface conditions are examined: an untextured reference, linear microgrooves, circular microdimples, optimized partial microdimpling, and a multiscale hybrid texture. A Tribological Energy-Efficiency Index is constructed from friction reduction, wear control, hydrodynamic-film support, lubricant retention and debris management, and manufacturing robustness.
The simulated index increases from 55.3 for the untextured reference to 68.2 for grooves, 80.9 for full-field circular dimples, 85.8 for optimized partial dimpling, and 85.1 for a multiscale hybrid surface. A complementary sliding-speed simulation indicates that optimized microdimples can reduce the modeled coefficient of friction relative to an untextured interface across mixed and increasingly hydrodynamic lubrication conditions, with the largest simulated reduction occurring within an intermediate-to-high-speed operating region. The analysis demonstrates that more texture is not necessarily better.
The study concludes that energy-efficient tribological design requires operating-condition-specific texture optimization rather than universal adoption of one dimple geometry. Surface texturing is most defensible when frictional-energy savings are evaluated together with wear, film stability, manufacturability, durability, and lifecycle cost.
Keywords surface texturing, tribology, friction reduction, energy efficiency, laser surface texturing, microdimples, lubrication, wear.
Field Engineering
Published In Volume 7, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On 2026-06-30
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