Hybrid Nanofiller Interfaces in Low-Friction Engineering Materials

Pooria Pasbakhsh

Hybrid Nanofiller Interfaces in Low-Friction Engineering Materials

Author(s)	Dr. Pooria Pasbakhsh
Country	United States
Abstract	Low-friction engineering materials increasingly incorporate nanoscale solid lubricants and reinforcing phases to reduce friction, suppress wear, stabilize transfer films, and extend service life under dry or boundary-lubricated contact. However, tribological performance is not determined by nanofiller chemistry alone. The interfacial condition among nanofillers, matrix, counterface, and dynamically generated tribofilm strongly influences whether nanoscale additives act cooperatively or become agglomerated abrasive inclusions. This study develops an interface-centered framework for evaluating hybrid nanofiller systems containing complementary reinforcing and lubricating components such as graphene-related materials, carbon nanotubes, and molybdenum disulfide. Because authenticated tribometer measurements, microscopy, surface spectroscopy, and composite-processing records were not supplied, the quantitative component is explicitly simulation based. A synthetic experimental matrix containing 84 composite conditions is modeled across total hybrid nanofiller loadings between 0 and 2.0 wt.% and three levels of interfacial quality. A Hybrid Nanofiller Interface Quality Index is constructed from dispersion uniformity, matrix–filler adhesion, filler–filler compatibility, agglomeration resistance, stress-transfer capability, and tribofilm continuity. Tribological response is evaluated using coefficient of friction, specific wear rate, friction stability, and transfer-film persistence. Simulated analysis indicates a non-monotonic filler-loading effect. Under strong interfacial conditions, the modeled coefficient of friction decreases from 0.44 for the unfilled reference material to 0.13 at approximately 1.0 wt.% total hybrid filler, after which friction increases as filler concentration promotes agglomeration and mechanically unstable debris. Weak-interface systems produce considerably smaller improvements. The study argues that hybrid nanofiller development should therefore shift from maximizing filler content toward engineering the interfaces that control dispersion, load transfer, nanosheet alignment, debris evolution, and formation of a stable low-shear tribofilm.
Keywords	hybrid nanofillers, low-friction materials, tribology, nanocomposites, graphene, molybdenum disulfide, carbon nanotubes, tribofilm, interfacial engineering
Field	Engineering
Published In	Volume 7, Issue 3, May-June 2026
Published On	2026-05-14

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American Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Innovation and Research

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Hybrid Nanofiller Interfaces in Low-Friction Engineering Materials

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